The Complexity of Sand Mining in Coastal Regions of India: Implications on Livelihoods, Marine and Riverine Environment, Sustainable Development, and Governance

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Currently, there is a sprawl of sand mining mainly due to the demand for construction materials. However, in most jurisdictions, several negative impacts of sand mining are evident but less reported, especially in developing countries. This study used a systematic review method to fill this gap in the literature to document the impacts of sand mining and its implications on sustainable development and governance with a focus on India. Findings documented increasing threats to the environment (marine, river channel, and ecosystems) as well as to livelihood which grossly im pacts Agenda 2030. To fill this gap, we recommended the development of integrated sand mining management approaches and legal mechanisms from the micro and macro levels. This could be through local governance actions/initiatives at micro levels. At the macro level, research in the use of alternative materials to replace sand and the designing of strong transnational governance mechanisms to monitor the sand mining value chains could be paramount.