Climate Refugees and Forced Migrations: Emerging Refugee Question in Lamwo District in Northern Uganda

Abstract

Introduction: This study examined the impacts of the February–May 2024 heatwave in South Sudan, highlighting the migration of climate refugees to the Palabek Refugee Settlement in Uganda. Methodology: It was based on a historical design and a qualitative approach, involving semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and observation as the data collection methods. Key findings: Climate refugees (or climate-induced displaced persons) as individuals or groups forced to cross international borders due to the severe and escalating impacts of climate change. Extreme weather and worsening living conditions in regions like Juba, Magwii County, and Torit displaced ethnic groups such as the Nuer, Acholi, and Lango, exposing vulnerabilities tied to food insecurity, poverty, and political instability. The influx of refugees has strained Palabek’s social services, worsened environmental degradation, and fueled inter-tribal conflicts. Overcrowding in schools and inadequate infrastructure threaten education quality, while social tensions underline the need for culturally sensitive interventions and conflict-resolution strategies. Key entry points, such as the Nimule-Atiak-Gulu-Lokung route, facilitate multigenerational migration flows. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study advocates for regional policies addressing climate-induced migration through investments in environmental sustainability, education, and psychosocial support. The study believes effective management requires collaboration between governments, international organisations, and refugee-host communities to build resilience and address these multifaceted challenges.